voice, narration, degree (of adjectives), tense, removal too. Question tag English grammar for signal exams
- Voice
- Narration
- Degree (of adjectives)
- Tense
- Removal of “too”
- Question Tags
1. Voice (Active & Passive)
- Active Voice: Subject does the action.
e.g., She sings a song. - Passive Voice: Subject receives the action.
e.g., A song is sung by her.
Transformation rules:
- Tense must stay the same.
- Use appropriate form of “be” + past participle (V3).
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| Past Simple | She cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned by her. |
| Future Simple | They will watch a movie. | A movie will be watched by them. |
| Present Continuous | I am reading a book. | A book is being read by me. |
| Present Perfect | We have finished the work. | The work has been finished by us. |
2. Narration (Direct & Indirect Speech)
- Direct Speech: Quoting exact words.
He said, “I am tired.” - Indirect Speech: Reporting the message.
He said that he was tired.
Key Rules:
- Change the tense of the reported speech (usually one step back in time).
- Change pronouns and time words.
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| He said, “I play.” | He said that he played. |
| She said, “I am cooking.” | She said that she was cooking. |
| They said, “We went there.” | They said that they had gone there. |
3. Degree of Adjectives
Three forms:
- Positive – Describes (e.g., tall)
- Comparative – Compares two (e.g., taller)
- Superlative – Compares more than two (e.g., tallest)
Examples:
- Positive: She is tall.
- Comparative: She is taller than her sister.
- Superlative: She is the tallest girl in the class.
Transformations:
- No “more/most” with short adjectives (add -er/-est).
- Use “more/most” for longer adjectives:
- beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
4. Tense (Overview)
| Tense | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | I go. | Habit, general truth |
| Present Continuous | I am going. | Action happening now |
| Present Perfect | I have gone. | Action just completed |
| Past Simple | I went. | Completed action in past |
| Past Continuous | I was going. | Ongoing past action |
| Past Perfect | I had gone. | Action before past event |
| Future Simple | I will go. | Action in future |
| Future Perfect | I will have gone. | Action completed before future time |
5. Remove “Too”
- “Too” + adjective + to → Use so…that not
- She is too weak to walk → She is so weak that she cannot walk.
- Too much / Too many → Use excessive / more than necessary
6. Question Tags
- Used to confirm or check info.
- Positive statement → Negative tag
- Negative statement → Positive tag
Examples:
- You are coming, aren’t you?
- She isn’t here, is she?
Rules:
- Match the auxiliary verb in the tag.
- If no auxiliary, use do/does/did.
- He plays well, doesn’t he?
- They went there, didn’t they?
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